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This study aimed at elucidating how Coxsackie B virus (CVB) perturbs the host's microRNA (miRNA) regulatory pathways that lead to antiviral events. The results of miRNA profiling in rat pancreatic cells infection models revealed t...
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This study aimed at elucidating how Coxsackie B virus (CVB) perturbs the host's microRNA (miRNA) regulatory pathways that lead to antiviral events. The results of miRNA profiling in rat pancreatic cells infection models revealed that rat rno-miR-466d was up-regulated in CVB infection. Furthermore, in silico studies showed that Coxsackie virus and Adenovirus Receptor (CAR), a cellular receptor, was one of the rno-miR-466d targets involved in viral entry. Subsequent experiments also proved that both the rno-miR-466d and the human hsa-miR-466, which are orthologs of the miR-467 gene family, could effectively down-regulate the levels of rat and human CAR protein expression, respectively. (C) 2014 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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A 38-year-old Chinese man was admitted to the Second Xiangya Hospital of the Central South University (Changsha, China) with heavy proteinuria and rapidly progressing renal failure with nephrotic syndrome. An initial renal biopsy ...
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A 38-year-old Chinese man was admitted to the Second Xiangya Hospital of the Central South University (Changsha, China) with heavy proteinuria and rapidly progressing renal failure with nephrotic syndrome. An initial renal biopsy identified collapsing glomerulopathy (CG) with characteristic segmental collapse of the glomerular tuft and marked hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the visceral epithelial cells. A second renal biopsy showed dilation of glomerular capillary loops as a result of effective treatment with rapamycin and anti-viral therapy. Serology for the coxsackie virus antibody was positive when the collapsing lesion was present, and became negative following treatment, which indicated a strong association between the development of CG and coxsackie virus infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of CG associated with coxsackie virus infection.
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We describe two previously healthy children who were hospitalized in the same period in different departments of our University with clinical signs of Kawasaki syndrome, which were treated with intravenous immunoglobulins and acet...
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We describe two previously healthy children who were hospitalized in the same period in different departments of our University with clinical signs of Kawasaki syndrome, which were treated with intravenous immunoglobulins and acetylsalicylic acid: in both cases, Coxsackie virus infection was concurrently demonstrated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and complement fixation test identified antibodies to serotype B3. In the acute phase, both patients presented hyperechogenic coronary arteries, but no cardiologic sequels in the mid term. The etiological relationship between Kawasaki syndrome and Coxsackie viruses is only hypothetical; however, the eventual identification of ad hoc environmental triggers is advisable in front of children with Kawasaki syndrome, with the aim of optimizing epidemiological surveillance and understanding the intimate biological events of this condition.
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Infection of the central nervous system by streptococci is known to result in severe bacterial meningitis, however some strains have low pathogenic potential and affect the brain only in immunocompromised patients. Here we report ...
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Infection of the central nervous system by streptococci is known to result in severe bacterial meningitis, however some strains have low pathogenic potential and affect the brain only in immunocompromised patients. Here we report the first case of anotherwise healthy non immunocompromised young adult woman who developed meningitis caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis. The patient was in the 17lh week of her 3rd pregnancy. The course of the disease was quickly remittent under antibiotic treatment.
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Introduction: Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common childhood infectious disease, caused by enteroviruses (EVs) which can present with typical or atypical lesions. Although the disease is self-limiting, it can also lead...
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Introduction: Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common childhood infectious disease, caused by enteroviruses (EVs) which can present with typical or atypical lesions. Although the disease is self-limiting, it can also lead to serious complications. In the era of polio eradication, it is important to understand the population dynamics of enteroviruses causing HFMD as one of the circulating strains may become dominant. Methods: It was a collaborative study carried out in the Department of Dermatology and Microbiology of a tertiary care teaching hospital. The throat swabs were collected from 132 suspected HFMD cases. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect the presence of pan enteroviruses, followed by genotype-specific PCR targeting Human Enterovirus 71 (HEV-71) and Coxsackie virus A16 (CVA-16) and CVA-6 for pan Enterovirus-positive samples. Follow-up samples were collected from 14 children in the 2 nd week and subjected to molecular testing to detect enteroviruses. Results: Among 132 children suspected to have HFMD, 44 were girls and 88 were boys, and the majority of them 76.5% (101/132) were under 2 years of age. A history of exposure to a similar clinical presentation was present in 15 children. Of 132 suspected cases, 60 samples (45.5%) were positive for pan Enterovirus. The predominantly circulating genotype was found to be CVA-6 (31.6% [19/60]). There were about 10 cases (16.6%) which had co-infection with both HEV71 and CVA-6. Rash with fever was the most common presentation (57%). In most of the cases with HEV 71, 92.3% (12/13) presented within 3 days of illness to the health-care facility. Of 60 positive cases, 25% (15/60) of children had the atypical distribution of rashes in the face, trunk, genitalia, thigh, neck, and axilla and 16.7% of children (10/60) had the atypical type of lesion either only papular lesions or erythema multiforme. Out of 14 follow-up samples, 13 were negative for EVs; one was positive for pan EV in the 2 nd week, however, the patient lost to follow-up after that. Conclusion: HFMD outbreaks in our region were caused by various genotypes of enteroviruses. No severe complications were seen in the affected children. Nearly 30% had atypical presentation either in the form of lesion or site. Robust molecular epidemiological surveillance of HFMD is required to know the strain variations and other emerging genotypes in our setup.
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Coxsackievirus B4 (CBV4), a member of the Picornavirus genus, has long been implicated in the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), by viral-induced pancreatic cell damage. Although the pancreotropic nature of...
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Coxsackievirus B4 (CBV4), a member of the Picornavirus genus, has long been implicated in the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), by viral-induced pancreatic cell damage. Although the pancreotropic nature of this virus is well documented, the early stages of CBV4 viral infection that involve the attachment of virions to the cell surface by binding to their cellular receptors followed by entry into the cell, are poorly understood. In this study, we show that the entry of CBV4 requires functional lipid rafts as the site of virus attack. In addition, we show that this virus is endocytosed independently of clathrin-associated machinery and is delivered to the Golgi via a lipid-raft-dependent mechanism.
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Two new sesquiterpenes, oligandrin (1) and oligandric acid (2), together with three analogues, tashironin A (3), tashironin (4), and oplodiol (5), were isolated from the roots of Illicium oligandrum. The structures of new compound...
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Two new sesquiterpenes, oligandrin (1) and oligandric acid (2), together with three analogues, tashironin A (3), tashironin (4), and oplodiol (5), were isolated from the roots of Illicium oligandrum. The structures of new compounds were determined based on 1D and 2D NMR experiments and X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 represents a presumed biosynthetic precursor of seco-prezizaane sesquiterpenes which consists of a novel 6/6/5 tricarbocyclic skeleton. Compound 2 is the first example of chamipinene-type sesquiterpene possessing a 6/4/6 tricyclic system from the genus Illicium. Compounds 1-5 were evaluated in vitro for their activity against coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3), influenza virus A/Hanfang/359/95 (H3N2), and influenza virus A/FM/1/47 (H1N1). Compound 1 showed selective antiviral activity against CVB3 with IC50 value of 11.11 mu M.
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Abstract: Non^Polio Enteroviruses (NPEVs) are in circulation all over the world. Some of these viruses have been associated with several chronic diseases such as cardiopathy, myositis, acute flaccid and spastic paralysis in childr...
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Abstract: Non^Polio Enteroviruses (NPEVs) are in circulation all over the world. Some of these viruses have been associated with several chronic diseases such as cardiopathy, myositis, acute flaccid and spastic paralysis in children which mimic poliomyelitis. This study sought to ascertain whether Non-Polio Enteroviruses (NPEVs) are silently shed by apparently healthy school children in Bauchi state, Nigeria. This cross-sectional study involved 200 stool samples collected from 170 (85%) vaccinated and 30 (15%) unvaccinated apparently healthy school children from Bauchi, Katagum and Misau local government areas of Bauchi state, Nigeria. All samples were processed and inoculated onto Rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) and L20B cell-lines. Inoculated cell-lines were monitored for Cytopathic Effects (CPE) for 10 days with 1 subculture after first 5 days. None of the samples came down with CPE on L20B however, three (3) samples were positive for NPEVs on RD cell lines. One (1) coxsackie B virus was from a 7 years old male child, and 2 other untypeable isolated were from a male and a female child respectively. All the 3 (1.6%) positive samples were from children not immunized with Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV). The coxsackie B virus was identified by micro neutralization test using polyclonal sera as described by the World Health Organization. Findings from this study indicate the presence of relatively few NPEVs in the study participants. Since NPEVs can implicate persistent fecal-oral transmission and present with serious pathology, it should be considered as serious public health issue. This justifies the need for periodic surveillance of NPEVs in our communities in order to prevent unforeseen NPEVs-associated diseases and promote public health policies that will encourage environmental sanitation programs.
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Purpose: We report on an unusual familial outbreak of a coxsackie virus infection in Switzerland in which five family members were affected. Most of the patients presented with signs of meningitis, and four were hospitalized. Meth...
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Purpose: We report on an unusual familial outbreak of a coxsackie virus infection in Switzerland in which five family members were affected. Most of the patients presented with signs of meningitis, and four were hospitalized. Methods: In three individuals, the virus was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid, pharynx, and stool, respectively. The genome was sequenced in specimens of two patients. Results: The nucleotide sequences of both virus strains were identical. Blast search revealed that the first half of the sequence was 88 % homologous to Enterovirus 75 (EV-75), 87 % with Echovirus 11 (E-11), and 84 % homologous to Coxsackie virus A9 (CV-A9). The second half of the sequence was 77 % homologous to EV-75, 75 % to E-11, and 91 % to CV-A9. Conclusion: We propose that the isolated virus strain is a recombinant strain with a 5′ untranslated region and with the start of the VP4 sequence originating from E-11/EV-75 and the rest of the genome originating from CV-A9. Interestingly, this novel virus strain showed an exceptional virulence and rapid spread. Two weeks after the initial outbreak in this family, a similar outbreak was observed in a second geographic area roughly 100 km distant to the primary identification site, and another 2 months later this virus strain was found to circulate in the western part of Switzerland some 250 km distant to the primary locus. These findings suggest that genetic recombination has resulted in a novel enterovirus with features of high virulence, contagiosity, and spreading.
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